Summary about Disease
Scheuermann's disease, also known as Scheuermann's kyphosis, is a structural deformity of the spine, typically developing during adolescence. It results in an exaggerated rounding of the upper back (kyphosis) and can also affect the lower back (lumbar spine), sometimes causing lordosis (excessive inward curve of the lower spine). The condition occurs because the vertebrae develop abnormally, becoming wedge-shaped rather than rectangular.
Symptoms
Rounded upper back (kyphosis) that is more pronounced than normal
Back pain, particularly during activity
Stiffness in the back
Tight hamstrings (muscles at the back of the thigh)
Fatigue
Sometimes, an exaggerated swayback (lordosis) in the lower back
In severe cases, neurological symptoms (rare)
Causes
The exact cause of Scheuermann's disease is unknown. However, several factors are believed to contribute:
Genetics: A family history of the condition may increase the risk.
Growth spurts: Rapid growth during adolescence may play a role.
Mechanical factors: Abnormal stress or loading on the spine during development.
Abnormal collagen formation: Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix in the various connective tissues in the body.
Medicine Used
There is no specific medication to cure Scheuermann's disease. Treatment focuses on managing pain and preventing further progression of the deformity. Medications used may include:
Pain relievers: Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation.
Muscle relaxants: To relieve muscle spasms.
Is Communicable
No, Scheuermann's disease is not communicable. It is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
Maintain good posture: Be mindful of posture while sitting, standing, and lifting.
Regular exercise: Engage in exercises that strengthen back and abdominal muscles to support the spine.
Avoid heavy lifting: Minimize activities that put excessive stress on the spine.
Weight management: Maintain a healthy weight to reduce strain on the back.
Ergonomics: Optimize workstation setup to promote good posture and reduce strain.
How long does an outbreak last?
Scheuermann's disease isn't an "outbreak" situation. It's a chronic condition that develops over time, typically during adolescence. Once the spine has matured, the progression of the deformity usually stops. However, symptoms like pain and stiffness can persist throughout life, although they can be managed with treatment.
How is it diagnosed?
Scheuermann's disease is diagnosed through:
Physical Examination: Assessment of posture, spinal curvature, and range of motion.
X-rays: Imaging of the spine to identify wedge-shaped vertebrae and increased kyphosis. The X-rays must show at least three adjacent vertebrae with wedging of 5 degrees or more.
Medical History: Gathering information about symptoms, family history, and growth patterns.
Timeline of Symptoms
Early adolescence (10-15 years old):
May initially present as poor posture or a slight rounding of the upper back.
Back pain may be mild and intermittent.
Mid to late adolescence (15-20 years old):
Kyphosis becomes more pronounced.
Back pain may increase, especially with activity.
Stiffness and tight hamstrings may develop.
Adulthood:
Deformity typically stabilizes.
Chronic back pain and stiffness may persist.
In some cases, degenerative changes in the spine may occur, leading to further pain and disability.
Important Considerations
Early diagnosis and treatment are important to help manage symptoms and prevent the progression of the deformity.
Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition and the individual's symptoms.
Bracing is often used in adolescents with flexible curves to help correct the deformity.
Surgery is rarely needed but may be considered in severe cases or when conservative treatments are not effective.
Physical therapy plays a vital role in strengthening back muscles, improving posture, and increasing flexibility.
Long-term monitoring is essential to manage symptoms and prevent complications.